Multi-technique approach to characterise the effects of cryopreservation on larval development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)     

S Suneja  AB Rusk  JR Morrish  HR Tervit  LT McGowan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):335-349

Cryopreservation experiments were conducted on D-stage larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to investigate the effects of two cryoprotectant solutions and three cooling rates on larval development from 1 to 22 days post-fertilisation. Cryoprotectant solutions were made up to final concentrations (after 1:1 dilution with larvae) of 10% ethylene glycol, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and either 0.2 or 0.4 M trehalose. Three cooling rates (0.5, 1 and 2 °C min^?1 between ?10 and ?35 °C post-holding) were tested in an orthogonal design with the two cryoprotectants. Results indicate that control larvae out-performed all cryopreservation treatments for survival, feeding consumption and shell length parameters. However, larvae exposed to 0.4 M trehalose did considerably better than those exposed to 0.2 M trehalose, regardless of cooling rate conditions. Scanning electron and light microscopy observations were used to assess larval morphology and organogenesis, indicating that treatments with surviving larvae were morphologically and developmentally similar to control larvae.  相似文献   

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)种间杂种遗传力评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张跃环  王昭萍  喻子牛  闫喜武 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1367-1373

以平衡巢式设计(1长牡蛎♂:3香港牡蛎♀)构建的45个香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)×长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)种间杂交家系为材料,对其生长、存活及产量性状狭义遗传力进行了评估,并对其两两对应性状表型相关及遗传相关进行了分析。结果表明:(1)生长性状的遗传力大小为0.6207—0.8785,以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的幼虫15日龄、稚贝180日龄、幼贝360日龄壳高遗传力分别为0.6355、0.4828、0.5787,其360日龄鲜重遗传力为0.7740;(2)存活性状的遗传力大小为0.2748—0.3957,以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的幼虫15日龄、稚贝180日龄、幼贝360日龄存活率遗传力分别为0.1900、0.2939、0.4064;(3)产量是生长与存活的共同作用结果,360日龄产量的遗传力及以父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力分别为0.6706、0.5018。从其生长相关性上看,幼虫期与稚贝期出现了微弱负向相关;除了幼虫期与幼贝期的壳高及产量,及其稚贝期与幼贝产量间无相关性以外;其它的两两生长性状间均为显著正相关。从存活与产量的相关性上看,无论是表型性状,还是遗传性状均出现了积极的正相关,以遗传相关为主。本研究为建立远缘杂交育种方法和策略提供必要的理论依据。  相似文献   

长牡蛎dpp同源基因的克隆及其在贝壳发生中的功能研究     

刘刚  郇聘  刘保忠 《海洋科学》2014,38(9):7-12

dpp是转化生长因子β家族的重要成员,在胚胎发育中作为形态发生子参与体轴形成及附肢发育等过程。为了研究牡蛎dpp同源基因在贝壳发生中的作用,揭示贝壳发生的分子机理,作者克隆了一种长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的dpp基因,命名为cgdpp。序列和进化分析显示,cgdpp分子中不同位点的氨基酸残基变异程度不同。作者用整装原位杂交的手段研究了dpp同源基因在长牡蛎早期发育中的表达情况。结果表明,dpp同源基因参与了从贝壳形成区开始分化到早期贝壳形成的全过程。在担轮幼虫(Trochophore)中,dpp同源基因似乎调控了贝壳的形状与扩张速度;在早期D形幼虫中,dpp同源基因表达量突然下降至痕量水平,并与贝壳发育区无明显的关联,提示dpp同源基因可能仅仅参与了贝壳的发生,不参与其进一步的发育过程。  相似文献   

Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in the Pacific oyster genome: abundance,distribution, and potential for marker development     

王家丰  亓海刚  李莉  张国范 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):8-21

Microsatellites are a ubiquitous component of the eukaryote genome and constitute one of the most popular sources of molecular markers for genetic studies. However, no data are currently available regarding microsatellites across the entire genome in oysters, despite their importance to the aquaculture industry. We present the fi rst genome-wide investigation of microsatellites in the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas by analysis of the complete genome, resequencing, and expression data. The Pacifi c oyster genome is rich in microsatellites. A total of 604 653 repeats were identifi ed, in average of one locus per 815 base pairs(bp). A total of 12 836 genes had coding repeats, and 7 332 were expressed normally, including genes with a wide range of molecular functions. Compared with 20 different species of animals, microsatellites in the oyster genome typically exhibited 1) an intermediate overall frequency; 2) relatively uniform contents of(A)n and(C)n repeats and abundant long(C)n repeats(≥24 bp); 3) large average length of(AG)n repeats; and 4) scarcity of trinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite-fl anking regions exhibited a high degree of polymorphism with a heterozygosity rate of around 2.0%, but there was no correlation between heterozygosity and microsatellite abundance. A total of 19 462 polymorphic microsatellites were discovered, and dinucleotide repeats were the most active, with over 26% of loci found to harbor allelic variations. In all, 7 451 loci with high potential for marker development were identifi ed. Better knowledge of the microsatellites in the oyster genome will provide information for the future design of a wide range of molecular markers and contribute to further advancements in the fi eld of oyster genetics, particularly for molecular-based selection and breeding.  相似文献   

Effects of Salinity on Embryonic Development,Survival, and Growth of Crassostrea hongkongensis     

HUO Zhongming  ;WANG Zhaoping  ;LIANG Jian  ;ZHANG Yuehuan  ;SHEN Jianping  ;YAO Tuo  ;SU Jiaqi  ;YU Ruihai 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4):666-670

This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development,survival,and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis.The embryos,larvae,and juveniles of C.hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities （low,15; medium,23; and high,30） to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds.Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low-and medium-salinities （P ＜ 0.05）.The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials,with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity （P＜ 0.05）.The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15 （P＜ 0.05）,whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70 （P ＜ 0.05）.These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C.hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities （15 to 30）,but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities.Thus,it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C.hongkongensis.  相似文献   

钦州湾海水和香港牡蛎体内脂溶性贝类毒素污染特征     

徐轶肖  韦光领  王玉  贾樱  高寒  张腾  佟蒙蒙 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(1):144-152

近年中国沿海普遍受到脂溶性贝类毒素(lipophilic shellfish toxins,LSTs)的污染。钦州湾是国内外闻名的牡蛎养殖基地,目前仍不了解该海域海水和主要养殖品种香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)沾染LSTs毒素情况与食用安全性。本文于2015年10月至2016年9月,在钦州湾香港牡蛎养殖区海水交换口处,通过固相吸附毒素跟踪技术(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)吸附收集海水中的脂溶性贝类毒素,同时每月采集香港牡蛎样品,应用液相色谱串联质谱法分析海水和香港牡蛎体内的LSTs毒素含量与组成,并对香港牡蛎食用安全性进行评估。结果表明:(1)海水共检出GYM、OA和PTX2三种组分,平均浓度分别为0.44、14.20和1.67μg/(kg resin·30d)。香港牡蛎共检出DTX2、GYM、SPX1、Homo-YTX四种组分,其中Homo-YTX为定性结果, DTX2、GYM、SPX1三者平均浓度分别为0.95、18.86和0.95μg/kg。(2) GYM毒素均值在海水中和香港牡蛎体内含量变化趋势呈正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.70;OAs毒素在海水中和香港牡蛎体内变化趋势类似, Pearson相关系数为0.35。(3)毒素存在一定季节变化。海水OA和PTX2夏季高,其他季节低,均值最高值分别发生在7月和6月;香港牡蛎体内GYM冬季和夏季较高,DTX2春季和夏季较高;但海水中的GYM和香港牡蛎体内的SPX1全年变化均不明显。总体而言,钦州湾海水和香港牡蛎已受到多个LSTs毒素组分污染,海水LSTs毒素含量较国内其他海域低,参考欧盟LSTs毒素标准,本海域的香港牡蛎脂溶性贝类毒素仍未超标,可放心食用。  相似文献   

Cellular responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, to metal-contaminated sediments     

A. H. Ringwood  D. E. Conners  C. J. Keppler 《Marine environmental research》1999,48(4-5)

Elevation of metal concentrations in coastal environments associated with anthropogenic enrichment pose a significant threat to estuarine organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between cellular responses that may be potentially valuable as indicators of chronic stress and metal-contaminated sediments. For these studies, hatchery-reared juvenile oysters were deployed in situ at 15 sites for approximately 1 month around Charleston Harbor, SC. The effects on lysosomal destabilization and glutathione concentrations were determined; and the relationships between the cellular responses and sediment metal concentrations were described. Both single metal and multiple metal parameters (based on total metal concentrations, aluminum normalizations, and summed sediment quality guidelines) were considered. Generally, significant correlations were observed for individual metal analytes and multiple metal parameters. Since many of the individual metal analytes covary, the responses may reflect overall contaminant loading rather than responses to individual metals. Methods for estimating overall contaminant loading based on multiple analytes provide a more realistic estimate of potential adverse effects.  相似文献   

长牡蛎二倍体和三倍体生殖腺发育的组织学观察   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曾志南  林琪  吴建绍  陈朴贤  陈木 《台湾海峡》1999,18(3):332-336,T003

对长牡蛎二倍体和三倍体生殖腺涂片检查结果表明,三倍体生殖腺发育较二倍体差,三倍体成熟卵母细胞和细胞核的体积分别是二倍体的１．６４和１．４４倍。组织切片检查结果,二倍体生殖腺发育正常,三倍体生殖腺发育受阻,大部分停留在增殖期的休止期,一部分虽发育至生长期和成熟期,但与同一发育期一二倍体比较,生殖腺发育差。三倍体雌性生殖腺发育较雌性好,三倍体雌雄性比为２．６２：１,在所取的样品中到３个雌雄同体个体。  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎受精过程中的精核扩散与成熟分裂   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25  

任素莲  王德秀 《海洋湖沼通报》1999,(1):34-39

光镜下观察了太平洋牡蛎受精过程中的原核形成和成熟分裂。受精前,卵子处于第一次成熟分裂前期（即生发泡阶段）。精子入卵后开始进行成熟分裂,过程如下：（1）生发泡破裂前精核只进行轻微增大。（2）生发泡破裂,精核迅速去致密,体积迅速增大。（3）第一次成熟分裂结束,精核扩散速度减慢,核内染色体致密环状结构。（4）第二次成熟分裂结束,精核膨胀到最大程度。（5）两性原核形成,准备进行第一次卵裂。在整个受精过程中,核仁一直存在,其体积逐渐减小;有多精入卵并有多个精原核同时形成的现象。  相似文献   

单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种室内人工培育模式的优化     

张哲  于瑞海  李海昆  马培振  李玲蔚  王永旺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(2)

为提高单体“海大1号”长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的培育效率,本研究以3种培育模式(下降流、上升流和静水)、6个水流量梯度(20、35、50、65、80和95 mL/s)和6个培育密度梯度(2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5和15个/mL)对单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种中间培育生长情况进行了研究。研究表明,单体“海大1号”长牡蛎苗种中间培育时,上升流和下降流均比静水培育效果好,培育前5天采用下降流、第6~29天采用上升流时,稚贝生长快、死亡率低;水流量小于65 mL/s时,随水流量的增加,稚贝生长加快,死亡率降低,水流量在65~80 mL/s时,单体牡蛎稚贝生长存活最优,第29天时最大壳高达(1534.81±65.23)μm。单体“海大1号”长牡蛎稚贝苗种中间培育时,随着培育密度的增大,挤迫效应逐渐显现,密度为7.5个/mL时,死亡率相对较低,且稚贝生长速度快,在第29天时稚贝壳高最大可达(1520.63±51.72)μm。基于以上研究结果,建议在规模化单体“海大1号”长牡蛎稚贝中间培育时,采用上升流和下降流相结合的流水培育方式,适当增加水流量,及时疏散密度。本研究优化了单体“海大1号”长牡蛎室内培育模式,为单体牡蛎规模化培育提供了参考方法和理论依据。  相似文献